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3 Diseases With an Underlying Pathology

Eczema, asthma, nasal polyps—all three can have a common underlying pathology—Type 2 inflammation.1

  • Type 2 inflammation is mediated by many cytokines, including the interleukins IL-4, IL-13, and IL-51

  • The cytokines involved in Type 2 inflammation drive chronic, potentially debilitating symptoms in these 3 diseases—symptoms that can lead to frequent office visits and high healthcare costs1-5

  • While these diseases can generally be managed, a small subset of patients continue to experience uncontrolled disease6-8

Did You Know?

  • Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema9

  • While asthma symptoms can be controlled in most patients, a severe exacerbation can be life-threatening7

  • Nasal polyposis (NP) may be accompanied by chronic rhinosinusitis and is referred to as CRSwNP10

  • Type 2 inflammation:

    • Drives diseases that are sometimes called atopic, allergic, or eosinophilic1

    • May occur in the skin, the respiratory system, or the gastrointestinal tract1

    • May impact children or adults11,12

Coexisting Diseases
With Underlying

Type 2 Inflammation

Coexisting Type 2 Diseases

Questions or Comments?

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CRSwNP=chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis; IL=interleukin.

References

  1. Gandhi NA, Bennett BL, Graham NM, Pirozzi G, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD. Targeting key proximal drivers of Type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15(1):35-50.

  2. Brandt EB, Sivaprasad U. Th2 cytokines and atopic dermatitis. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2011;2(3):110. doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000110

  3. Shrestha S, Miao R, Wang L, Chao J, Yuce H, Wei W. Burden of atopic dermatitis in the United States: analysis of healthcare claims data in the commercial, Medicare, and Medi-Cal databases. Adv Ther. 2017;34(8):1989-2006.

  4. Bhattacharyya N, Villeneuve S, Joish VN, et al. Cost burden and resource utilization in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(9):1969-1975.

  5. Ivanova JI, Bergman R, Birnbaum HG, Colice GL, Silverman RA, McLaurin K. Effect of asthma exacerbations on health care costs among asthmatic patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1229-1235.

  6. Sidbury R, Davis DM, Cohen DE, et al; American Academy of Dermatology. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 3: management and treatment with phototherapy and systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(12):327-349.

  7. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2020. Accessed April 20, 2020. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/GINA-2020-full-report_-final-_wms.pdf

  8. Khan A, Vandeplas G, Huynh TMT, et al. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN) rhinosinusitis cohort: a large European cross-sectional study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2019;57(1):32-42.

  9. National Eczema Association. Atopic dermatitis. Accessed April 28, 2020. https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/atopic-dermatitis/

  10. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Nasal polyps. Reviewed June 28, 2019. Accessed April 28, 2020. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/nasal-polyps

  11. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asthma. Reviewed February 21, 2020. Accessed September 29, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/asthma.htm

  12. Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2016;387(10023):1109-1122.

IMM.20.10.0003 Last Update: [12/20]

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